Section 106 requires each federal agency to identify and assess the effects of its undertakings on historic properties. It applies when two thresholds are met: there is a federal, federally assisted, or federally licensed activity; and that activity has the potential to affect properties listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The responsible federal agency must consult with the appropriate state and local officials, Indian tribes, Native Hawaiian organizations, applicants for federal assistance, and members of the public and consider their views and concerns about historic preservation issues when making final project decisions.