The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) has seen an increasing number of Section 106 reviews involving large scale historic properties of religious and cultural significance to Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations (NHOs). Improvements in federal agency consultation with Indian tribes and NHOs and greater recognition of their expertise in identifying historic properties of significance to them have likely contributed to this increase. It is equally likely that there have also been increasing development pressures in places not previously developed. These large scale properties are often comprised of multiple, linked features that form a cohesive “landscape.” The recognition, understanding, and treatment of such places can be a struggle for the nontribal or non-Native Hawaiian participants in the Section 106 process, partly due to the lack of experience in addressing such places and partly due to the lack of guidance regarding these traditional cultural landscapes.